第一章 单元测试
1、单选题：
The Chinese dream is a new term put forward by President Xi Jinping in __________.
选项：
A:2013
B:2011
C:2012
D:2014
答案: 【2012】
2、单选题：
The key words of the Chinese dream may include_______.
选项：
A:Democracy
B:Individualism
C:Rejuvenation
D:Heroism
答案: 【Rejuvenation】
3、单选题：
They failed to _______ the deep meaning of his words.
选项：
A:pursue
B:chase
C:grasp
D:fulfill
答案: 【grasp】
4、单选题：
Escape can be a strong_______ for travel.
选项：
A:determination
B:motivation
C:fulfillment
D:ambition
答案: 【motivation】
5、单选题：
She never achieved her _______ of becoming a famous writer.
选项：
A:fulfillment
B:ambition
C:rejuvenation
D:motivation
答案: 【ambition】
6、单选题：
Students should _______ their own interests, as well as do their school work.
选项：
A:determine
B:fulfill
C:achieve
D:pursue
答案: 【determine】
7、单选题：
She eventually _______ her goal of becoming a professor.
选项：
A:achieved
B:chased
C:went after
D:grasped
答案: 【achieved】
8、判断题：
The term American dream was first put forward by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of American.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
9、判断题：
Puritans came to New England for the sake of religious freedom and intended to “purify” or simplify the religious rituals of the Church of England.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
10、判断题：
The essence of the Westward movement was the expansion of capitalism.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
第二章 单元测试
My Advice to Students: Education Counts
Bill Gates
Hundreds of students send e-mail each year asking for advice about education. They want to know what to study, or whether it’s okay to dropout of college since that’s what I did.
A smaller number of parents send messages, seeking guidance for their son or daughter. “How can we steer our child toward success?” they ask.
My basic advice is simple and heartfelt: Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.
It’s true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out –and I’d love to have the time to go back. As I’ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.
Kathy Gridland, a six-grade teacher in Ohio, wrote to say, “Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.”
I finished high school!
The computer industry has lots of people who didn’t finish college, but I’m not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don’t know any high school dropouts, let alone any successful ones.
In my company’s early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threatened to dropout of high school to work full-time. We told him no.
Quite a few of our people didn’t finish college, but we discourage dropping out. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.
College isn’t the only place where information exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody handing you a book doesn’t automatically foster learning. You want to learn with other people, asking questions, try out ideas and have a way to test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.
Education should be broad, although it’s fine to have a deep interests, too.
In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I has wide-ranging academic interests. My parents encouraged this, and I’m grateful that they did.
Although I attended a lot of different kinds of classes in college, I sighed up for only one computer class the whole time. I read about all kinds of things.
One parent wrote me that her 15-year-old son “lost himself in the hole of computer.” He got an A in website design, but other grades were sinking, she said.
This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn broadly –math, history, various sciences – and to do projects with other kids that teach you first-hand about group dynamics. It’s fine to take a deep interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes(危及，影响) breadth.
If you fall into an obsessive pattern in high school, you’ve got two problems. One is that you’re unlikely to change when you go to college. The other is that if you don’t get reasonably good grades, it’s hard to go to a college that has the highly motivated, capable students who can really help you learn about the world.
In college it’s appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real expertise in an area of interest can lead to success – unless the specialty ends up being a dead end or you’re not good at. Graduate school is one way to get specialized knowledge, although extended college education isn’t always a good investment from a purely economic standpoint.
1、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
By “education counts”, Gates means that education is important to everyone.
选项：
A:T
B:F
答案: 【T】
2、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
From the passage we know that Gates dropped out of college because he didn’t do well.
选项：
A:T
B:F
答案: 【F】
3、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Gates tell us that it is easier to get a job with a college diploma than without one.
选项：
A:F
B:T
答案: 【T】
4、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
According to Gates, one learns better by self-study.
选项：
A:T
B:F
答案: 【F】
5、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
It can be inferred from the passage that it’s fine to become deeply interested in one specific area.
选项：
A:T
B:F
答案: 【F】
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Bad events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some helpful life changing events like marriage.
When you take the Holmes Rahe you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress — it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness.” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many－like the death of loved one－are impossible to avoid．Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for staying away from chances as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of a lot of what we know about people. It supposes we’re all vulnerable(脆弱的) and not active in the face of the difficult situation. But what about human ability and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental strain.
6、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ______________
选项：
A:what should be done to avoid stress
B:what kind of event would cause stress
C:the way you handle major events may cause stress
D:how to cope with sudden changes in life
答案: 【what kind of event would cause stress】
7、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to ____
选项：
A:widespread concern over its harmful effects
B:popular avoidance of stressful jobs
C:an intensive research into stress-related illness
D:great panic over the mental disorder it could cause
答案: 【widespread concern over its harmful effects】
8、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _____
选项：
A:how much pressure you are under
B:how positive events can change your life
C:how you can deal with life-changing events
D:how stressful a major event can be
答案: 【how much pressure you are under】
9、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Why is “such simplistic advice ”(Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?
选项：
A:No one can stay on the same job for long
B:People have to get married someday
C:No prescription is effective in relieving stress
D:You should be missing opportunities as well
答案: 【You should be missing opportunities as well】
10、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become___
选项：
A:nervous when faced with difficulties
B:physically and mentally strained
C:indifferent toward what happens to them
D:more capable of coping with adversity
答案: 【more capable of coping with adversity】
第三章 单元测试
1、单选题：
Which country suffered the largest death during World War II?
选项：
A:Germany
B:Japan
C:Soviet Union
D:China
答案: 【
2、单选题：
Whose story is told in the film A Private War?
选项：
A:A solider
B:peace-keeping
C:A doctor
D:war correspondent
答案: 【】
3、单选题：
Who wrote The Diary of a Young Girl?
选项：
A:Otto Frank
B:A Japanese girl
C:Anne Frank
D:A Chinese Girl
答案: 【
4、判断题：
Yad Vashem Holocaust is the only one memorial to remember the Holocaust in the world.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
5、单选题：
Who was referred to as “China’s Schindler”?
选项：
A:
A late Chinese general
B:
A Chinese priest
C:
Qian Xiuling
D:
He Fengshan
答案: 【
】
6、单选题：
What day is September 3 in China?
选项：
A:Victory Day of the War of Resistance against Japan
B:The National Day
C:National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims
D:The Army Day
答案: 【】
7、多选题：
What might be the consequences caused by wars?
选项：
A:
Severe damage of the health of populations
B:A huge number of casualties.
C:Numerous economic losses.
D:Enormous damage to cultural heritages.
答案: 【
】
8、多选题：
What can we do to prevent wars from happening?
选项：
A:Enhance the cultural tolerance of the country.
B:
Raise money to help poor countries.
C:Educate the public the consequences of war.
D:Build a stronger internationgal community.
E:Communicate first when conflicts appear.
答案: 【】
9、单选题：
Who issued the order of destroying the Bamiyan Buddha?
选项：
A:Saddam Hussein
B:Bashar al-Assad
C:Osama Ben Laden
D:Mullah Mohammed Omar
答案: 【】
10、判断题：
During the WWII, Jews were the only race slaughtered by the Nazi Germans.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
第四章 单元测试
Passage 1
Directions: The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter.
Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people’s mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. “There could be a number of reasons,” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline.”
Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people’s sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.
Explaining what the data revealed, he said: “What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy.” He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.”
1、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?
选项：
A:Add to their sustained happiness.
B:Lessen their concerns about material well-being.
C:Improve their work efficiency.
D:Help them build a positive attitude towards life.
答案: 【】
2、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?
选项：
A:Settle in an urban area.
B:Earn more money.
C:Gain fame and popularity.
D:Live in a green environment.
答案: 【】
3、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?
选项：
A:How it affects different people.
B:How strong its positive effect is.
C:How long its positive effect lasts.
D:How it benefits people physically.
答案: 【
4、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What did Dr. White’s research reveal about people living in a green environment?
选项：
A:Their decisions required less deliberation.
B:Their stress was more apparent than real.
C:Their memories were greatly strengthened.
D:Their communication with others improved.
答案: 【】
5、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?
选项：
A:Improve urban planning.
B:Find financial support.
C:Raise public awareness of the issue.
D:Involve local residents in the effort.
答案: 【】
Passage 2
Directions: The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter.
California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.
Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.
6、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?
选项：
A:By building more reserves of groundwater.
B:By drawing water from the depths of the earth.
C:By upgrading its water distribution system.
D:By developing more advanced drilling devices.
答案: 【
7、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?
选项：
A:It may not provide quality freshwater.
B:It was not considered worth the expense.
C:It is bound to gain support from the local people.
D:It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.
答案: 【】
8、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
选项：
A:The damage to aquifers.
B:The harm to the ecosystem.
C:The sinking of land surface.
D:The change of the climate.
答案: 【】
9、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does the author say about deep wells?
选项：
A:They provide a steady supply of freshwater.
B:They run without any need for repairs.
C:They are the ultimate solution to droughts.
D:They are entirely free from pollutants.
答案: 【】
10、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?
选项：
A:People’s health may improve with cleaner water.
B:The cost may go up due to desalination.
C:They may be exhausted sooner or later.
D:People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.
答案: 【】
第五章 单元测试
1、判断题：
The first handheld cellphone provided us 10 minutes of talk-time but it took around 3 hours to charge.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
2、判断题：
Big data and AI are the most useful and powerful emerging technologies.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
3、判断题：
Companies use big data to improve what they know about customers’ wants and needs as well as to identify trends.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
4、判断题：
The creative jobs are the ones unthreatened by AI, because AI can optimize but not create.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
5、判断题：
The majority of workers indicated that ICT increases productivity.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
6、判断题：
The three-parent baby technique has been legally approved in the UN.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
7、判断题：
It is possible — and practical — to reduce our reliance on technology.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
8、单选题：
apartment
选项：
A:离开
B:部分
C:部门
D:公寓
答案:
9、单选题：
entertain
选项：
A:逗乐
B:决定
C:入口
D:娱乐
答案: 【】
10、单选题：
benefit
选项：
A:适合、恰当
B:舒适
C:娱乐
D:利益、好处
答案: 【
第六章 单元测试
Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?
Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.
A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.
The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated(隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.
1、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Although heroes may come from different cultures, they _______.
选项：
A:generally possess certain inspiring characteristics
B:all unknowingly attract a large number of fans
C:probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people
D:are often influenced by previous generations
答案: 【】
2、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ____.
选项：
A:they have a vision from the mountaintop
B:they can serve as concrete(具体的) examples of noble principles
C:they have warm feelings and emotions
D:they can make people feel stronger and more confident
答案: 【】
3、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.
选项：
A:their primary concern is their own financial interests
B:their performances do not improve their fans morally
C:they are popular only among certain groups of people
D:they are not clear about the principles they should follow
答案: 【】
4、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ___.
选项：
A:are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships
B:can provide an answer to the problems of their people
C:can move the masses with the skill and the charm
D:are good at demonstrating their charming characters
答案: 【】
5、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The author concludes that historical changes would ______.
选项：
A:produce leaders with attractive personalities
B:be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities
C:not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices
D:take place if there were heroes to lead the people
答案: 【】
Many articles have appeared in recent years, claiming that there are no more heroes in the world. The authors say that the young now refuse to admire anyone and that we are living in a world too well informed, too curious showing us the faults of the public figures who could become today’s stars, until we lose faith and start looking for defects in any person who seems worthy of respect.
Is it true that we know too much? Were our ancestors lucky to be only partly informed? Those who read the first biographies of George Washington, Joan of Arc, or other great men and women of the past were not told that their hero had bad breath or disliked his mother; they only found a description of his great accomplishments and their admiration was strengthened. In fact, early biographers didn’t hesitate to make up an admirable story or two about their hero. The man who wrote the first biography of Washington, for instance, invented the cherry tree; he admitted later that there was no truth in it, but he said that it would give young men a good example to follow. His readers didn’t seem to object; the book was reprinted eighty times—a great success in those days.
Modern biographers do not invent such stories; they respect the facts, as indeed they should. But we pay a price for their truthfulness, for in their efforts to show “the whole person,” they tell us more than we really need to know about private lives, family secrets, and human weakness. The true greatness of a fine man is often forgotten in the display; and people lose not only their admiration for him, but their willingness to trust any other “star” completely.
It may be difficult to be a hero in the world these days, under the searching eyes of the society. But surely excellence has not disappeared completely; there are still individuals who are superior to their fellow men by their wisdom, their courage, or their character. They can be heroes if people are willing to ignore their human imperfection and to admit the respect that their admirable qualities inspire. Heroes are needed everywhere, at any time. It’s a sad sky that has no shining stars.
6、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Why do the young now refuse to admire anyone?
选项：
A:Because there are fewer heroes than before.
B:Because they themselves are more self-centered.
C:Because they rush to find faults with any person.
D:Because they have lost faith in today’s life style.
答案: 【】
7、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Early biographers of great people ________.
选项：
A:were disliked by readers
B:hid some achievements of their heroes
C:were willing to invent stories
D:knew little about their heroes
答案: 【】
8、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Which of the following statements about modern biographers is true?
选项：
A:Their writing style has aroused criticism.
B:We benefit from their truthfulness.
C:They show no respect to facts.
D:They choose to ignore heroes’ greatness.
答案: 【
9、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
选项：
A:the standard of being a hero has been raised
B:the author is optimistic about the hero issue
C:our society is lacking in real heroes
D:our society shows enough tolerance
答案: 【】
10、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What is essential in solving the problem mentioned in the passage?
选项：
A:The author’s arguments.
B:The true greatness of heroes.
C:Biographers’ truthfulness.
D:People’s attitude.
答案: 【
第七章 单元测试
1、判断题：
No liquid including any kind of drinks is allowed to be carried onto a flight according to the security check regulations.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
2、判断题：
In China,a revised rule has been released setting the national standard for the use of 2324 additives.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
3、判断题：
“Hacker” cannot refer to any skilled computer programmers.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
4、判断题：
In 9/11 events,the first two flights departed Boston for the twin towers in NY.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
5、判断题：
In 9/11 events,the 3rd flight left for California.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
6、判断题：
In the 9/11 events,the 4th flight fell upon rural Pennsylvania.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
7、判断题：
More than 4000 of police officers and firefighters died in the collapse of the towers and were buried in 9/11.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
8、单选题：
______ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
选项：
A:freed
B:Having freed
C:To free
D:Freeing
答案: 【】
9、单选题：
What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the Marathon bare-footed.
选项：
A:impressive
B:essential
C:awful
D:obvious
答案: 【】
10、单选题：
We used to see each other ______, but I haven’t heard from him since last year.
选项：
A:regularly
B:particularly
C:approximately
D:especially
答案: 【
第八章 单元测试
The thin, extremely sharp needles didn’t hurt at all going in. Dr. Gong pierced them into my left arm, around the elbow that had been bothering me. Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and, strangely, into my right arm, and then into both my closed eyelids.
There wasn’t any discomfort, just a mild warming sensation. However, I did begin to wonder what had driven me here, to the office of Dr.James Gong, in New York’s Chinatown.
Then I remembered—the torturing pain in that left elbow. Several trips to a hospital and two expensive, uncomfortable medical tests had failed to produce even a diagnosis. “Maybe you lean on your left arm too much,” the doctor concluded, suggesting I see a bone doctor.
During the hours spent waiting in vain to see a bone doctor, I decided to take another track and try acupuncture. A Chinese-American friend recommended Dr. Gong. I took the subway to Gong’s second-floor office, marked with a hand-painted sign.
Dr. Gong speaks English, but not often. Most of my questions to him were greeted with a friendly laugh, but I managed to let him know where my arm hurt. He asked me to go into a room, had me lie down on a bed, and went to work. In the next room, I learned, a woman dancer was also getting a treatment. As I lay there a while, I drifted into a dream-like state and fantasized about what she looked like.
Acupuncturists today are as likely to be found on Park Avenue as on Mott Street. In all there are an estimated 10,000 acupuncturists in the country. Nowadays, a lot of medical doctors have learned acupuncture techniques; so have a number of dentists. Reason? Patient demand. Few, though, can adequately explain how acupuncture works.
Acupuncturists may say that the body has more than 800 acupuncture points. A life force called qi circulates through the body. Points on the skin are energetically connected to specific organs, body structures and systems. Acupuncture points are stimulated to balance the circulation of qi.
The truth is, though acupuncture is at least 2,200 years old, “nobody really knows what’s happening,” says Paul Zmiewski, a Ph.D.in Chinese studies who practices acupuncture in Philadelphia.
After five treatments, there has been dramatic improvement in my arm, and the pain is a fraction of what it was. The mainly silent Dr. Gong finally even offered a diagnosis for what troubled me. “Pinched nerve,” he said.
1、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does the speaker find especially strange?
选项：
A:Dr. Gong didn’t give him any conventional tests.
B:Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.
C:Dr. Gong didn’t ask him any questions about his pain.
D:Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.
答案: 【】
2、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Why did the speaker go see Dr. Gong?
选项：
A:He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.
B:Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his pain.
C:Dr. Gong was very famous in New York’s Chinatown.
D:He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work.
答案: 【】
3、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What accounts for the growing popularity of acupuncture in the United States according to the speaker?
选项：
A:Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.
B:More and more patients ask for the treatment.
C:It doesn’t need the conventional medical tests.
D:It does not have any negative side effects.
答案:
Robots that can help us with daily chores like cooking and cleaning are a long way off, but automatons that serve as family companions may be much closer. Researchers in the United States, France, Japan and other countries are racing to build robots that can entertain and perform some simpler tasks for us.
Several years after it was introduced to the world, the advanced Japanese humanoid robot Asimo is still serving only as a demonstration and experimentation platform. Even if available for purchase, it would be too expensive for ordinary families.
It is much easier and cheaper to build a robot like Jibo, which uses simple movements and has the ability to interact with people through sound, pictures and touch.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Cynthia Breazeal created Jibo initially as a platform for exploring how people communicate with technology.
“Jibo as a robot is something that can move, with cameras that can move and see you and interact with you like a living thing, so to speak. It can bring content to life off the screen in an entirely new way,” explained Breazeal.
Jibo can remind you about appointments, take photos, entertain people and tell stories to children. Breazeal said it also incorporates touch-sensitive technology.
“People often communicate through touch, so they might pat Jibo if it does something that they like and Jibo can actually learn from that,” said Breazeal.
Therapists at Amici di Nico Autism Center, in Lecce, Italy, use a small talking robot to treat autistic children.
11-year-old Marco has shown great improvement in focusing and communication since he started playing with the robot that carefully keeps track of the child’s behavior, said engineer Giuseppe Palestra.
“We would like to be one step ahead of state of the art, so that we can make the human-robot interaction better, and let’s say ‘humanize’ the interaction between the robot and the child,” said Palestra.
Researchers say they want to develop robots that can be programmed for individual patients, because each child reacts differently to outside stimuli.
French researcher Pierre Lebeau’s family robot Keecker was designed as an entertainment platform that can follow its owner around.
“I came up with the idea of a computer with a projector inside and a great sound system and a camera, something that can move and go to any room to give me a kind of TV-like experience, but anywhere I want without the cables and the complexity,”
Researchers say robots intended for entertainment may soon be on the market with prices ranging from about $500 to $5,000—still expensive for ordinary buyers. Therapeutic robots are still in the experimental phase but they too point to what we can expect from artificial intelligence in the near future.
4、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What do we learn about Asimo?
选项：
A:It is affordable for ordinary family.
B:It was created by Japanese researchers.
C:It is only a platform for demonstration.
D:It is newly introduced to the world.
答案: 【
5、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does a robot do in helping autistic children?
选项：
A:It communicates with them.
B:It reminds them of things.
C:It performs simple tasks.
D:It diagnoses their diseases.
答案: 【
6、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What do researchers say about entertaining robots?
选项：
A:It may be sold at $500-$5000.
B:It is already in common use.
C:It is available for purchase.
D:It is still under experiment.
答案: 【】
Urbanization — migration away from the suburbs to the central city — will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.
The report says America’s urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.
As smaller cities copy the model of these “24-hour cities”，more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the “18-hour city”，and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are “positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural amenities.”
Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennials （千禧一代），will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.
This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents’ footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the urban core. The survey projects that this population cohort will evolve and segment over time, and warns against painting the generation with too broad a brush.
Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.
The report’s writers state that America’s failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.
Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate “upcycle” and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a “good to excellent” expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real- estate “bubble”，the report’s writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.
Some respondents to the Emerging Markets survey call the urbanization trend “oversubscribed”，and the report concedes that there do exist some edge cities and suburbs with promise. But these places are few and far between. The most successful places are those built using urban-design principles — with density, walkability, and good transit.
Real-estate investors in 2015 need to pay attention to the two main conclusion of the report: if a property resembles or relies upon sprawl in any way, or doesn’t appeal to Millennials, think before you invest.
7、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will witness
选项：
A:a new focus on small cities
B:an ever-increasing demand
C:an accelerating speed
D:a shift to city centers
答案: 【
8、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What characterizes “24-hour cities” like New York?
选项：
A:People are generally more competitive.
B:People are in harmony with the environment.
C:People can live without private care.
D:People can employ services around the clock.
答案: 【
9、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Why are Millennials are reluctant to buy a house?
选项：
A:They feel attached to the suburban environment.
B:Their parents，bad experience still haunts them.
C:They can only afford small apartments.
D:The house prices are currently too high.
答案: 【
10、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What might hinder real estate development in the U.S.?
选项：
A:The worsening infrastructure.
B:The lack of confidence on the part of investors.
C:The continuing economic recession in the country.
D:The fierce global competition.
答案: 【】
第九章 单元测试
1、单选题：
A love marriage, however, does not necessarily much sharing of interests and responsibilities.
选项：
A:result in
B:take over
C:hold on
D:keep to
答案: 【
2、单选题：
The president made a speech on the Mother’s Day in 2016.
选项：
A:vigorous
B:harsh
C:tedious
D:flat
答案: 【
3、单选题：
Last year the divorce rate by 20 percent.
选项：
A:raised
B:arose
C:rose
D:aroused
答案: 【
4、单选题：
Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, love, friendship and a good family life.
选项：
A:in case of
B:in view of
C:As for
D:such as
答案: 【】
5、单选题：
their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.
选项：
A:Above all
B:But for
C:Except for
D:For all
答案: 【
6、单选题：
I have no objection your love story again.
选项：
A:to hearing
B:to have heard
C:to having heard
D:to hear
答案: 【
7、单选题：
Extensive reporting on television has helped to ( ) interest in a wide variety of love stories.
选项：
A:gather
B:generate
C:yield
D:assemble
答案: 【
8、单选题：
Tomorrow afternoon I will have a ( ) date.
选项：
A:sensible
B:flexible
C:blind
D:black
答案: 【
9、单选题：
Do you believe in love at first ?
选项：
A:survival
B:arrangement
C:Distance
D:sight
答案: 【
10、单选题：
Just as the old Chinese saying goes, lies in the lover’s eyes.
选项：
A:beauty
B:happiness
C:convenience
D:privacy
答案: 【
第十章 单元测试
1、单选题：
Which of the following sayings is not about the meaning of friendship?
选项：
A:A hedge between keeps friendship green.
B:A True friend is a rock upon whom you can depend.
C:Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light.
D:A friend is someone who won’t stop until he finds you and brings you home.
答案: 【
2、单选题：
Which of the following statements is true about making friends?
选项：
A:Taking the initiative to talk to people when at a party is not a good way to build up one’s confidence and make more friends.
B:Students living in the same dorm on campus will never have positive or negative influence on each other.
C:A good friendship is based on mutual respect.
D:Learning some basic social skills is not helpful in making friends.
答案: 【】
3、单选题：
Which of the following tips may be helpful in maintaining a good friendship?
选项：
A: “A friend in need is a friend in deed.” No matter what difficulties you encounter, you can always depend on your friend to help you.
B:No matter what our friend asks us to do, we should not hesitate to do it.
C:Because of the tight schedule you may have, it’s not advisable that you should set aside some time for your friends..
D:We should be grateful to what friends have done for us.
答案: 【】
4、单选题：
Which of the following statements is not true about the different friendship patterns in different cultures?
选项：
A:Once established, friendships tend to be intense and long-lasting in Chinese culture.
B:As a result, the normal pattern is for Westerners to have a relatively small number of friends over the course of a lifetime, according to Don Snow， the author of the book Encounters with Westerners.
C:Friendships in the United States and other individualist western countries tend to be more transient and voluntary.
D:Undoubtedly, People in both China and the Western countries value friend and friendship.
答案: 【】
5、单选题：
Which of the following tips may be helpful in establishing friendships with Westerners?
选项：
A:One needs to be conscious of some social skills in cross-cultural communication, such as giving the benefit of the doubt.
B:The second is to remember that the Western friendship pattern is useful as a generalization, and it is equally true for all Westerners.
C:The first step toward establishing friendships with Westerners is to change the Western friendship styles.
D:Learning English well will definitely be helpful in making friends with Westerners because English is the language which has the largest number of native speakers.
答案: 【】
6、单选题：
If you something, you continue to have it, and do not let it stop or grow weaker.
选项：
A:vary
B:maintain
C:exist
D:co-exist
答案: 【】
7、单选题：
If you have , you have the ability to decide what to do next and to do it, without needing other people to tell you what to do.
选项：
A:obligation
B:globalization
C:initiative
D:gratitude
答案: 【
8、单选题：
Someone who is acts very carefully in order to avoid possible danger.
选项：
A:common
B:beneficial
C:aware
D:cautious
答案: 【
9、单选题：
between two people is a very close personal relationship between them.
选项：
A:Privacy
B:Collaboration
C:Intimacy
D:Obligation
答案: 【
10、单选题：
You use to describe a situation, feeling, or action that is experienced, felt, or done by both of two people mentioned.
选项：
A:mutual
B:in contrast
C:involve
D:ups and downs
答案: 【
第十一章 单元测试
Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.
Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.
When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a résumé or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one- or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a résumé are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.
Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.
Pay attention to the résumé format you use—chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your “oldest” work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.
If you are submitting your résumé in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education” in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your résumé contains errors.
1、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Companies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.
选项：
A:they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home
B:they find foreign employees are usually more talented
C:they need original ideas from employees hired overseas
D:they want to expand their business beyond home borders
答案: 【】
2、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.
选项：
A:is usually creative and full of initiative
B:seeks either his own or his children’s development
C:aims to improve his foreign language skills
D:is dissatisfied with his own life at home
答案: 【】
3、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
When it comes to résumé writing, it is best to ________.
选项：
A:follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting
B:take cultural factors into consideration
C:learn about the company’s hiring process
D:know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes
答案: 【】
4、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.
选项：
A:stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker
B:highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career
C:provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences
D:give the title of the university degree they have earned at home
答案: 【】
5、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
According to the author’s last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________.
选项：
A:the recipient’s preference with regard to the format
B:the differences between the varieties of English
C:the different educational systems in the U.S. and the UK
D:the distinctive features of American and British cultures
答案: 【】
Psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset (财富) in child rearing—older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.
Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young. Lately he’s been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. “My body is aging,” says Metcalf. “You can’t get away from that.”
Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.
Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. “We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “a sense of family.” Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. “The dads are older, more mature,” says Dr. Silber, “and more ready to focus on parenting.”
6、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?
选项：
A:Older parents are often better prepared financially.
B:Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.
C:Older parents can take better care of their children.
D:Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demands.
答案: 【】
7、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream” (Line 7, Para. 1)?
选项：
A:They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.
B:They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.
C:They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.
D:They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.
答案: 【】
8、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that ________.
选项：
A:taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy
B:older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children
C:many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age
D:older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies
答案: 【】
9、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?
选项：
A:Being mistaken for grandparents.
B:Approaching of death.
C:Slowing down of their pace of life.
D:Being laughed at by other people.
答案: 【
10、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?
选项：
A:They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.
B:Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.
C:They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.
D:Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.
答案: 【
第十二章 单元测试
1、单选题：
What is the meaning of “kneel down” in the sentence: “Looking back, we may literally kneel down in front of the wisdom of our ancestors.”
选项：
A:be on one’s knees
B:take a bow
C:show respect and admiration
D:be subdued and overpowered
答案: 【
2、单选题：
“Taking the basic need of our lives, the fire, for example, people used to grind wood to get fire before they had the idea of using this device—火折子.” This is a structure of______________ .
选项：
A:exemplification (举例)
B:
compare and contrast (比较与对比)
C:quotation (引用)
D:parallelism (平行结构)
答案: 【】
3、单选题：
In this part, there are sentences like: “To survive, we innovate”, “To improve convenience, we innovate”, “To be more efficient, we innovate”. What kind of figure of speech is this kind of structure?
选项：
A:exemplification
B:compare and contrast
C:quotation
D:parallelism
答案: 【
4、单选题：
What is the meaning of “serve its purpose” and “every step of the way” in the sentence “From animal skin to linen, from cambric (麻布) to silk and cotton and to the various kinds of materials today, innovation served its purpose every step of the way.”
选项：
A:perform a particular function / along the flat surfaces in one’s way
B:provide people with something they need / with all the sequences of foot movements
C:play its role / throughout the process
D:provide service / in somebody’s way
答案: 【
5、单选题：
What is the meaning of “put one’s foot down” in the sentence “The same thing also happened to Guo Degang(郭德纲), a famous cross-talk performer who really put his foot down and innovated the way cross-talk performs.”
选项：
A:be low profile
B:
say very firmly/be very firm that someone must do something
C:
putting one’s feet on the ground
D:to make a car go faster
答案: 【
】
6、单选题：
The examples of Wang Peiyu (王珮瑜) and Guo Degang (郭德纲) are used to ___________ with each other.
选项：
A:compare
B:contrast
C:debate
D:compete
答案: 【
7、单选题：
What is the meaning of “jump in with both feet” in the sentence: “The successful reality TV show programs The King of Comedy and The King of Crossover Singer state the fact that even the entertainment industry is glad to jump into the ‘Crossover’ trend with both feet.”
选项：
A:
put oneself in someone’s shoes
B:put one’s heart and soul into doing something
C:plummet from the sky
D:do things recklessly
答案: 】
8、单选题：
What is the meaning of “think outside the box” in the sentence: “Remember, always be curious, always think outside the box, always look for opportunities, always be prepared and look to the future.”
选项：
A:contemplate outside a confined room
B:be casted aside
C:miss home
D:break free from convention
答案: 【
9、单选题：
Which of the following sentences shows the same meaning of “manifest” as in the sentence: “The concept is manifesting itself through all the developments in our daily life: big data, quantum computing, robotics, artificial intelligence, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, new energies…”?
选项：
A:Each passenger must be manifested correctly
B:There may be unrecognized cases of manifest injustice of which we are unaware.
C:The virus needs two weeks to manifest itself.
D:Everyone can see the manifest failure of the policies.
答案: 【】
10、单选题：
Which of the following sentences shows the same meaning of “come down to” as in the sentence: “It all comes down to material initiation and spiritual motivation.”?
选项：
A:He had come down to begging when his father found him.
B:What I want now is two volunteers to come down to the front.
C:Walter Crowley says the problem comes down to money.
D:“Why not come down to The Fair,” he suggested, “next Tuesday?”
答案: 【】
第十三章 单元测试
1、判断题：
Traveling can not only provide us with fun and adventure, but endow us with marvelous insights and enlighten our minds.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
2、判断题：
Buying our loved ones presents can leave a more lingering memory than providing them with a wonderful traveling experience.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
3、判断题：
The organization UNWTO stands for World Trade Organization of the United Nations.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
4、判断题：
As tourism can make a great contribution to economic development, it should be treated like a “holy cow” that should be protected and nurtured at all costs.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
5、判断题：
In a sense, tourism speeds up unhealthy urbanization processes and results in traffic congestion, noise and air pollution and the dumping of waste and untreated sewage.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
6、判断题：
Governments and inter-governmental agencies are under the obligation to arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
7、判断题：
Instead of making a travel schedule, travelers can go anywhere their minds take them.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
8、判断题：
Before traveling abroad, there is an urgent need for travelers to convert all their money into the foreign currency used in their destinations.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
9、判断题：
It is advisable to take a picture of the meeting spot in case of getting separated from your family or friends while traveling.
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【】
10、判断题：
It is helpful to learn about a foreign country’s eating habits and local religious and cultural norms before traveling.
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【】
第十四章 单元测试
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual (知识的) opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
1、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means _______.
选项：
A:university researchers know little about the commercial world
B:there is little exchange between industry and academia
C:few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D:few university professors are willing to do industrial research
答案: 【
2、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.
选项：
A:attracts people’s attention
B:brings someone a financial burden
C:helps to move the traffic
D:keeps someone from taking action
答案: 【
3、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
选项：
A:Her research interests
B:Prospects of academic accomplishments
C:Flexible work hours
D:Her preference for the lifestyle on campus
答案: 【】
4、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
选项：
A:raise his status in the academic world
B:enrich his experience in medical research
C:do financially more rewarding work
D:exploit better intellectual opportunities
答案: 【】
5、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
选项：
A:Gear its research towards practical applications
B:Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market
C:Develop its students’ potential in research
D:Help it to obtain financial support from industry
答案: 【
In the United states, a person can take credit only for what he has accomplished by himself.
Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a rich or privileged family.(In the
United States, that would be considered “an accident of birth.” ) Americans pride themselves in
having been born poor and, through their own hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of
success to whatever level they have achieved—all by themselves. The American social system has
of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up the social ladder, whereas
this is impossible to do in many other countries. The “self-made man or woman ” is still very much the ideal in present-day America.
Americans believe that competition brings out the best in any individual. They claim that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. Consequently, the foreign visitor will see competition being fostered in the American home and in the American classroom even at the youngest age levels. You may find the value placed on competition disagreeable, especially if you come from a society that promotes cooperation rather than competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in Third World countries find the lack of competitiveness in a classroom situation equally distressing. They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human characteristics represented only a peculiarly American (or Western)value.
Americans, valuing competition, have devised an economic system to go with it—free enterprise(自由企业制)， Americans feel very strongly that a highly competitive economy will bring out the best in its people and ultimately, that the society which fosters competition will progress most rapidly. If you look for it, you will see evidence in all areas—in all fields as diverse as medicine. the arts, education, and sports—that free enterprise is the approach most often preferred in America.
6、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does the author mean by saying “The ‘self-made man or woman’ is still very much the ideal in present-day America
选项：
A:Americans think that an ideal man or woman should be born poor
B:Americans still respect those who have climbed up the social ladder through hard work
C:Americans no longer respect those who are born rich as they used to
D:Americans think that only the self-made man or woman is worthy of respect
答案: 【】
7、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does the author think of the American social system?
选项：
A:It is a system that does not favor those who are born rich
B:It is the best system possible in the world
C:It is a system that makes social climbing very difficult, if not impossible
D:it makes it comparatively easy for the poor to move up the social ladder
答案: 【】
8、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Americans teaching in Third World countries found that
选项：
A:competition is a unique American (or Western)value
B:cooperation is more important than competition in bringing about progress
C:competition is one of the universal human characteristics
D:competition must be fostered in the classroom for success in business
答案: 【】
9、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
We can infer from the passage that free enterprise is？
选项：
A:a belief that competition brings out the best in any individual
B:an economic system allowing free competition among businesses
C:an attitude that values competition rather than cooperation
D:a theory that advocates competition as the source of all progress
答案: 【
10、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Americans would most likely frown at you if you
选项：
A:complain that you were born poor and had had no opportunities
B:go around telling people that your father is a self-made man
C:tell them that their social system is not necessarily the best
D:tell them you were born poor and had to work with your hands
答案: 【】
第十五章 单元测试
1、单选题：
The ( ) between the rich and poor countries is continually growing.
选项：
A:divide
B:dividing
C:
to divide
D:division
答案: 【
2、单选题：
The little girl felt ( ), even frightened.
选项：
A:confused
B:confusion
C:to confuse
D:confusing
答案: 【】
3、单选题：
You’ll have to improve your driving ( ) if you want to pass your test.
选项：
A:technological
B:technology
C:technique
D:technician
答案: 【
4、单选题：
The basic ( ) of physics are quite difficult for me to understand.
选项：
A:conceptual
B:concepts
C:concept
D:conception
答案: 【
5、单选题：
The homework was to write a ( ) of the news.
选项：
A:summaries
B:summarize
C:summary
D:to summarize
答案: 【
6、单选题：
It’s very impolite to intrude on another person’s ( ).
选项：
A:Privacy
B:Private
C:privately
D:privation
答案: 【】
7、单选题：
They have built an ( ) to the hospital.
选项：
A:extent
B:to extend
C:extension
D:extensive
答案: 【
8、单选题：
The two things are said to be ( ).
选项：
A:relate
B:relation
C:relative
D:related to
答案: 【
9、单选题：
What’s your ( ) of our new teacher?
选项：
A:impression
B:to impress
C:impressive
D:impress
答案: 【
10、单选题：
You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ( ).
选项：
A:fall
B:truth
C:reality
D:practice
答案: 【
第十六章 单元测试
I had failed again． It was the day of the big marathon．I had decided three years ago to train for the half-marathon event and take home a medal.There I sat, in front of my TV, while I watched others cross the finish line． It was just another in a long string (串) of failures． I had never met a single weight loss or fitness goal and I was majoring in the art of failing．
We are a family of exploration and often plan active vacations．It seemed that on every vacation I was the one who couldn’t go the distance． Each time I urged (催促) my family, “Go on without me． Bring me lots of pictures and videos． I’ll be fine just sitting here taking in the view． ” I lied． Sick of being left behind, I decided that it would never happen again． Sure I was in my 50s, but surely there was still hope for me． I always spent weeks walking to prepare for our active vacations． I had lost weight many times． I just always seemed to fail to get where I needed to be．
But this time I would do something different． I was going to walk a half marathon． Surely I would lose weight and get in shape if I could complete over 12 miles in four hours． Besides, this would be training． Training sounded cooler than diet and exercise． I was revved up and ready to go． I bought the proper gear (装备) , checked out what type of drinks would be handed out at the marathon and prepared a lot． I had a plan!
Now two years later, there I sat, watching thousands of people of all ages succeed where I had failed． I walked out, angry with myself, sat down and had myself a pity party． I was a master at the art of pity parties, having a great deal of experience in holding them． What was my problem? Where was I going wrong? I stopped and considered each failure, one by one． I made some very interesting discoveries．
I had failed to climb to the top of that Mayan pyramid, but I did climb it and stood on those ancient stones． I had failed to meet a single weight loss goal and yet I had lost 43 pounds． I couldn’t walk 12 miles in four hours, but I could walk 12 miles．
All my failures were sounding like a success story． This time I was giving thanks． I was thankful that I had been given the spirit of failure because failure meant that I was trying, that I didn’t give up． I decided that I would be crossing the finish line next year．
1、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What can you lean from the passage?
选项：
A:The writer didn’t lose any weight in the end
B:The writer didn’t have holidays with his family
C:The writer didn’t take part in the big marathon
D:The writer didn’t climb the Mayan pyramid
答案: 【】
2、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does the underlined sentence “I was revved up.” probably mean?
选项：
A:I felt moved
B:I was pushed
C:I got excited
D:I was chosen
答案: 【】
3、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Which words can best describe the writer in the passage?
选项：
A:Humorous and hopeful
B:Kind and strong – willed
C:Clever and friendly
D:Interesting and proud
答案: 【】
4、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Which of the following statements is not true, according to the writer?
选项：
A:He prepared to attend the half-marathon event
B:He often goes on vacation with his family members
C:He had never met a single weight loss goal
D:He thought that failure is not a bad thing at last
答案: 【】
5、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
The writer probably agrees that____________
选项：
A:one should never give up half way
B:one can learn by making and correcting mistakes
C:setting a goal is the key to success
D:trying but failing to reach the goal is still meaningful
答案: 【】
More than three dozen billionaires, including well-known philanthropist (慈善家) David Rockefeller, have promised at least half of their fortunes to charity, joining a programme that Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett started in June to encourage other wealthy people to give.
The pledge is currently worth about $ 150 billion, but the programme predicts it will eventually be worth $ 600 billion.
“During even the Depression’s worst years, my parents gave money – about 8% of their annual income of $ 2200,” said Lorry Lokey, one of the donors, on the website of the programme, the Giving Pledge, “I remember saying to my mother that we can’t afford that. But she said we have to share with others.”
The pledge has been a matter of some debate in philanthropic and non-profit circles, with some experts dismissing it as mere publicity and others predicting that it would produce a flood of new money to support non-profit groups.
Buffett said the real value of the pledge was found in the example it set and in the sentiments (情感) expressed in the letters posted on the website.
Buffett and Gates will hold several dinners later this year to recruit more billionaires, and members of the Giving Pledge will meet annually to discuss their philanthropy.
The pair are due to meet some wealthiest people in China next month and India in March.
“We hope this catches fire in some other countries,” Buffett said, “If they want to take what we think is a good idea and run with it, we will be cheering.”
Buffett said the number of people who had agreed to sign on was at the high end of his expectations. He said some people who declined to sign the pledge were planning to give away most of their wealth but did not want to draw attention to those plans.
Energy tycoon (大亨) Pickens, who is worth about $ 1 billion, said in his Giving Pledge letter: “I’ve long stated that I enjoy making money, and I enjoy giving it away. I’m not a big fan of inherited wealth. It generally does more harm than good.”
6、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What’s the purpose of the programme started by Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett?
选项：
A:To spread the idea of charity around the world
B:To involve more wealthy people in philanthropy
C:To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor
D:To publicise the pains and gains of charity work
答案: 【】
7、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What message does Lorry Lokey intend to convey through his website posting?
选项：
A:The spirit of giving runs in his family
B:His family’s income is far from large
C:His family suffered during the Great Depression
D:The wealth of his family has come the hard way
答案: 【】
8、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
Why are Buffett and Gates going to meet some wealthiest people in China and India?
选项：
A:To persuade the wealthy people there to join their ranks
B:To help the billionaires there see the true value of money
C:To publicise their generosity in helping the needy
D:To share their experience with the newly rich there
答案: 【
9、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What reason do some people give for declining to sign the pledge?
选项：
A:They are still undecided whether to give or not
B:They are unsure if they can meet the public’s expectations
C:They have made plans for disposing of their wealth
D:They are reluctant to be the focus of attention
答案: 【
10、阅读理解（选择）/完型填空：
What does energy tycoon Pickens try to say in his Giving Pledge letter?
选项：
A:Blessed are those who inherit large fortunes
B:The more you give, the happier you will be
C:Leaving a fortune to one’s children is unwise
D:Philanthropy can help free
答案: 【】
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